The National Monetary Council (CMN – Brazil’s highest financial regulatory body) has issued a new resolution establishing stricter rules for Credit Rights Investment Funds (FIDCs). The amendment, which updates regulations in effect since 2001, primarily focuses on the acquisition of claims arising from judicial lawsuits and arbitration proceedings.
The new directive prohibits FIDCs from purchasing claims or contingent legal rights originating from court or arbitration proceedings as long as these assets lack liquidity, clear sources of funds, and enforceability. In practical terms, liquidity refers to the ability to sell the asset immediately, while enforceability pertains to the creditor’s legal standing to enforce collection through the courts.
What changes in the acquisition of credit rights
FIDCs are investment vehicles that pool resources to purchase credit rights—meaning amounts owed to an individual or company, such as trade invoices and financing installments. The regulator identified vulnerabilities in a specific category of these receivables: rights that depend on the outcome of a judicial or arbitration dispute.
A judicial claim represents any financial amount that a party has the right to receive due to a court decision or dispute. Depending on the procedural stage, this credit may already be recognized, as is the case with precatórios (court-ordered debt payments issued against public entities following a final ruling), or it may still be pending a final decision.
Under the new CMN rule, the following restrictions take effect for funds:
- Prohibition on new acquisitions: FIDCs may not acquire new judicial or arbitration claims unless they are liquid, certain, and enforceable.
- Ban on indirect acquisitions: The restriction applies to both direct purchases and indirect acquisitions carried out through other funds or financial instruments holding these assets in their portfolios.
- Greater scrutiny on existing inventory: Funds that already hold these claims must comply with additional valuation, pricing, and transparency requirements.
Impact on current portfolio and new requirements
The resolution does not automatically eliminate judicial claims that already form part of FIDC portfolios. According to data from the Securities and Exchange Commission of Brazil (CVM), in July 2024, funds held an exposure of approximately R$ 35.2 billion to judicial lawsuits.
For this existing volume, the CMN established measures to make asset valuation more reliable. The objective is to increase transparency regarding the actual value of these rights and the associated risks, which include uncertainties about the existence of the right, the actual amount due, the collection timeframe, and the outcome of the dispute itself.
The new requirements for funds that already hold these claims include:
- Enhancing internal procedures for asset valuation and pricing.
- Providing more detailed disclosures to investors.
- Subjecting valuation methodologies to independent audits.
- Establishing minimum criteria aimed at mitigating conflicts of interest during credit appraisals.
Exceptions and regulatory objectives
Despite the stricter rules on purchasing litigated claims, the resolution preserves key operational permissions. FIDCs remain authorized to pursue judicial or arbitration actions to collect standard receivables. If a fund regularly acquires a standard receivable and the debtor defaults, the fund maintains the legal right to seek recovery in court. The restriction focuses exclusively on the origin of the credit, barring the acquisition of rights whose existence or value still depends on resolving a dispute.
According to the Ministry of Finance, the change aims to reduce vulnerabilities in the capital markets that could be exploited for fraud or price manipulation. The Secretary of Economic Reforms, Regis Dudena, stated that the publication of the resolution demonstrates the regulator’s attention to financial market vulnerabilities.
“The publication of this resolution is another signal that the regulator is attentive to diagnoses of financial market vulnerabilities and has been acting to preserve its integrity and its capacity to contribute to economic development and the public interest,” Dudena highlighted.
Through this measure, the CMN seeks to establish stricter parameters for a sector that transacts substantial amounts in complex-to-value assets.
Implementation timeline
The restrictions on new acquisitions of judicial or arbitration claims take effect on October 13. The changes regarding the valuation and pricing of credits currently held in fund portfolios will take effect on January 4.
This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. For guidance on specific matters, consult a qualified lawyer.